Microgrid equipment at the National Wind Technology Center in Colorado. | Photo courtesy of the National Renewable Energy Lab.
This week we’re celebrating the launch of a new series on Energy.gov: How Energy Works. Join us today on Twitter at 2 p.m. ET for our How Energy Works live Q&A answering everything you want to know about microgrids. Use #HowEnergyWorks to submit questions and follow the live discussion.
WHAT IS A MICROGRID?
A microgrid is a local energy grid with control capability, which means it can disconnect from the traditional grid and operate autonomously.
HOW DOES A MICROGRID WORK?
To understand how a microgrid works, you first have to understand how the grid works.
The grid connects homes, businesses and other buildings to central power sources, which allow us to use appliances, heating/cooling systems and electronics. But this interconnectedness means that when part of the grid needs to be repaired, everyone is affected.
This is where a microgrid can help. A microgrid generally operates while connected to the grid, but importantly, it can break off and operate on its own using local energy generation in times of crisis like storms or power outages, or for other reasons.
A microgrid can be powered by distributed generators, batteries, and/or renewable resources like solar panels. Depending on how it’s fueled and how its requirements are managed, a microgrid might run indefinitely.
HOW DOES A MICROGRID CONNECT TO THE GRID?
A microgrid connects to the grid at a point of common coupling that maintains voltage at the same level as the main grid unless there is some sort of problem on the grid or other reason to disconnect. A switch can separate the microgrid from the main grid automatically or manually, and it then functions as an island.
WHY WOULD A COMMUNITY CHOOSE TO CONNECT TO MICROGRIDS?
A microgrid not only provides backup for the grid in case of emergencies, but can also be used to cut costs, or connect to a local resource that is too small or unreliable for traditional grid use. A microgrid allows communities to be more energy independent and, in some cases, more environmentally friendly.
HOW MUCH CAN A MICROGRID POWER?
A microgrid comes in a variety of designs and sizes. A microgrid can power a single facility like the Santa Rita Jail microgrid in Dublin, California. Or a microgrid can power a larger area. For example, in Fort Collins, Colorado, a microgrid is part of a larger goal to create an entire district that produces the same amount of energy it consumes.
Other examples of microgrids around the world are available on Berkeley Lab’s example page.
WHAT OTHER RESOURCES ARE THERE?
To learn more about what the Energy Department is doing to research microgrids, you can visit the Office of Electricity’s microgrid activities page.
